Mechanism of Action of Natural Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors (Berberine and Mangiferin) in Experimentally Induced Diabetes with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Berberine (BER) and mangiferin are known natural dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Hence, the study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of natural DPP-IV inhibitors (BER and MNG) in experimentally induced diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe mechanism through which natural DPP-IV inhibitor works in diabetes with metabolic syndrome rat model. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed high-fat diet for 10 weeks and challenged with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) at the 3rd week (high-fat diabetic control [HF-DC] group). After the confirmation of metabolic syndrome in the setting of diabetes, monotherapy (metformin [MET], vildagliptin [VIL], BER, and MNG) and combination (MET + VIL, MET + BER, and MET + MNG) therapy was orally fed to these rats from the 4th to 10th weeks. Results: Insulin resistance (IR) was seen in the HF-DC group as indicated by raised homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in HF-DC group as compared with normal control (NC) groups. The treatment groups reduced IR as shown by a decrease in HOMA-IR as compared with HF-DC group rats. The marked reduction (P < 0.001) of beta-cell function was observed in the HF-DC group as a reduced level of HOMA for beta-cell function (HOMA-ß) was found as compared with the NC group. Increases in HOMA-ß as compared to the HFDC group were observed in the therapy groups. The treatment group significantly reduced cholesterol and atherogenic index. The treatment group showed significant preservation of beta-cell mass as per immunohistochemistry and significant anti-apoptotic activity as per Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay report. The treated rats significantly (P < 0.05) reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) marker (P < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Conclusion: The natural DPP-IV inhibitors BER and MNG treatment showed beneficial effects on various components of metabolic syndrome.

Experimental investigation of degree of cross-polarization for an electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model beam.

We investigate the properties of the degree of cross-polarization (DOCP) for an electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model (EMGSM) beam in the radial direction of the cross section of the beam. The coherence and polarization features of a partially coherent light beam are engineered to construct the isotropic and non-isotropic EMGSM beams, and the resulting changes in the DOCP are examined. For experimental realization, a double-slit interferometer is utilized at the output to probe the coherence properties for different polarization components across the beam diameter of an electromagnetic source. Experimental observations infer that variation in DOCP does not become apparent for isotropic coherence widths in the orthogonal polarization directions, whereas the variation can be apparent only once both the coherence widths are distinct. Furthermore, experimentally, a special case is also investigated for which the value of DOCP goes beyond unity. The DOCP finds application in areas such as second-order intensity interference, imaging, and characterization of non-homogeneously polarized beams.

Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome in a Case of Breast Cancer.

Metastasis from breast cancer to the head and neck region is a rare occurrence. However, of all the cancers that metastasise to the orbit, breast cancer is the leading cause in women. Usually, breast cancer metastasises to the fat and muscles in the orbit, and involvement of the bony orbital wall is rare. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with metastasis to the left greater wing of the sphenoid and adjacent squamous temporal bone. Ophthalmoplegia and proptosis were the initial manifestations in this patient, which lead to the diagnosis of the underlying breast cancer.

Statistical features of an electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model beam propagating through a smoke aerosol environment.

In this paper, we investigate both theoretically and experimentally the statistical properties of an electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model (EMGSM) beam propagating through polluted atmosphere specifically containing smoke aerosol medium. Experimentally, a glass chamber of 1 m length is constructed to mimic the smoky atmosphere inside the laboratory, in which incense sticks are used for smoke aerosol production inside the chamber in a time-controlled manner. An input EMGSM beam having a variable degree of coherence and degree of polarization (DOP) propagates through the aerosol medium, and its coherence and polarization features after propagation are probed. The results show that the coherence features of the vectorial beam are modified significantly by the smoke aerosol medium, while, for the given propagation length of 1 m, the polarization features remain unaffected. We also investigate the coherence features of the EMGSM beam through smoke aerosols in a particular condition when the DOP of the beam is kept zero. These results are expected to provide insights into atmospheric effects on free-space optical communication in real situations when the medium contains air pollution.

Minimally invasive surgery in India during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the healthcare systems worldwide. This uncharted territory has changed the practices in modern healthcare delivery; this is particularly true in the case of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) where various changes are being adopted. This survey was conducted to determine the impact of the pandemic and the changes being adopted in the field of MIS, from a resource-limited developing country, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey was carried out from 27 July to 22 August 2020, amongst MIS surgeons in India using an online questionnaire generated on Google Forms. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 251 MIS surgeons nationwide. There was a proportional reduction of overall elective surgeries and MIS. Approximately 30% of the surgeons continued to use MIS, as during the pre-pandemic era. Pre-operative tests for COVID-19 (96.1%) and personal protective equipment (PPE, 66%-86%), including respirators (95.2%), are used uniformly across the nation. Almost half (43.1%) of the MIS surgeons are using ≥6 recommended intraoperative modifications in MIS to mitigate the COVID-19 transmission. CONCLUSION: MIS surgeons in India have adapted within a short time to the challenge of the pandemic by embracing pre-operative testing, PPE and new techniques/technologies to continue patient care. Innovations and low-cost indigenous customisations are the need of the hour for a developing country like India. Further studies are required to establish the true risk of viral transmission involved in MIS and the efficacies of the techniques/devices to reduce the spread of the virus.

Radical D2 gastrectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB/II/III distal gastric cancers in the era of perioperative chemotherapy: A propensity matched comparison.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the impact of treatment sequencing on long-term survival, in distal gastric cancers (GCs) (stage IB/II/III). METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with distal GC undergoing D2 resection. Outcomes were compared between group 1 (surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy) and group 2 (perioperative chemotherapy with surgery). 1:1 matching for baseline characteristics (age, cT, and cN stage) was performed for outcome comparison. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 47.5 months in the included 342 patients, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 61.1% and disease-free survival (DFS) was 50.5%. OS was comparable in the unmatched (group 1, n = 118; group 2, n = 224) (HR 0.905, 95%CI 0.64-1.33, P = 0.615) and matched groups (group 1, n = 97; group 2, n = 97) (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.48-1.26, P = 0.3). CONCLUSION: D2 resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy provides similar long-term outcomes as compared to perioperative chemotherapy approach for stage IB/II/III distal GCs.

ROSE in Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) disease: a cytological diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) is also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML). It is a benign proliferative disorder of histiocytes, affecting lymph nodes, rarely with extra-nodal involvement. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be utilized as a minimally invasive investigation to avoid unnecessary surgery of this self-limiting disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old female presented with complaints of bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy since 1 year. Rapid on-site stain with FNAC from bilateral cervical lymph nodes revealed features of Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) disease. CONCLUSION: FNAC with rapid on-site evaluation can provide a simple and cost-effective method for looking at the unique cytological features of the disease and act as a first-line investigation.

A survey of E-learning methods in nursing and medical education during COVID-19 pandemic in India.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated mandatory e-learning in medical and nursing education. How far are developing countries like India (with wide socioeconomic and cultural diversity) geared up for this challenge remains unexplored. At this critical juncture, we aim to evaluate if online teaching methods are as feasible, acceptable, and effective as in-class teaching for medical/nursing students. OBJECTIVES: The questionnaire captured: (1) practicability/feasibility of online classes, (2) health issues from online classes, (3) current methods for e-teaching, and (4) student attitudes and preferences. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTINGS: Population-based study in India. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing and medical undergraduate students (I-IV year). METHODOLOGY: The online questionnaire was distributed to 200 medical and nursing colleges across India. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression was done to analyze factors predicting health issues in students. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Overall, 1541 medical and 684 nursing students completed the survey from 156 cities. The availability of laptop (p < 0.0001), Wi-Fi (p < 0.0001), dedicated room (p < 0.0001), and computer proficiency was more in students of affluent families and those from cities (p < 0.0001). Class duration >4 h/day (p < 0.0001), each class >40 min (p < 0.009) and pre-existing health issues (p < 0.0001) predicted the occurrence headache, eyestrain, anxiety, neck/back pain, and sleep disturbance. Power-point presentation was the most widely (80%) used method of teaching. Only 30% got adequate time to interact with teachers. Only 20.4% felt e-learning can replace conventional teaching. Students preferred: 3-6 classes/day, each class <40 min, 10-20 min break between classes and interactive sessions. CONCLUSION: There is a need to improve information and communication infrastructure to enhance feasibility of e-learning for nursing/medical students in India. There should be guidelines (number of classes/day, length of each class, break between classes, curriculum, etc) to improve the retention capacity in students and reduce health issues. Continuous feedback from teachers and students will be required to make e-learning effective.

Preparedness of the cancer hospitals and changes in oncosurgical practices during COVID-19 pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted cancer care across India. This study aimed to assess (a) organizational preparedness of hospitals (establishment of screening clinics, COVID-19 wards/committees/intensive care units [ICUs]/operating rooms [ORs]), (b) type of major/minor surgeries performed, and (c) employee well-being (determined by salary deductions, paid leave provisions, and work in-rotation). METHODS: This online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was distributed to 480 oncosurgeons across India. We used χ2 statistics to compare responses across geographical areas (COVID-19 lockdown zones and city tiers) and type of organization (government/private, academic/nonacademic, and dedicated/multispecialty hospitals). P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Total of 256 (53.3%) oncologists completed the survey. About 206 hospitals in 85 cities had screening clinics (98.1%), COVID-19 dedicated committees (73.7%), ward (67.3%), ICU's (49%), and OR's (36%). Such preparedness was higher in tier-1 cities, government, academic, and multispecialty hospitals. Dedicated cancer institutes continued major surgeries in all oncological subspecialties particularly in head and neck (P = .006) and colorectal oncology (P = .04). Employee well-being was better in government hospitals. CONCLUSION: Hospitals have implemented strategies to continue cancer care. Despite limited resources, the significant risk associated and financial setbacks amidst nationwide lockdown, oncosurgeons are striving to prioritize and balance the oncologic needs and safety concerns of cancer patients across the country.

An Enhanced Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Algorithm With Adaptive Reference Vectors.

Multiobjective optimization problems with more than three objectives are commonly referred to as many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). Development of algorithms to solve MaOPs has garnered significant research attention in recent years. "Decomposition" is a commonly adopted approach toward this aim, wherein the problem is divided into a set of simpler subproblems guided by a set of reference vectors. The reference vectors are often predefined and distributed uniformly in the objective space. Use of such uniform distribution of reference vectors has shown commendable performance on problems with "regular" Pareto optimal front (POF), i.e., those that are nondegenerate, smooth, continuous, and easily mapped by a unit simplex of reference vectors. However, the performance deteriorates for problems with "irregular" POF (i.e., which deviate from above properties), since a number of reference vectors may not have a solution on the POF along them. While adaptive approaches have been suggested in the literature that attempt to delete/insert reference directions conforming to the geometry of the evolving front, their performance may in turn be compromised for problems with regular POFs. This paper presents a generalized version of previously proposed decomposition-based evolutionary algorithm with adaptive reference vectors, intended toward achieving competitive performance for both types of problems. The proposed approach starts off with a set of uniform reference vectors and collects information about feasibility and nondominance of solutions that associate with the reference vectors over a learning period. Subsequently, new reference directions are inserted/deleted, while the original directions may assume an active or inactive role during the course of evolution. Numerical experiments are conducted over a wide range of problems with regular and irregular POFs with up to 15 objectives to demonstrate the competence of the proposed approach with the state-of-the-art methods.

Effect of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) on testicular functions in adult male mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bacopa monnieri (BM) has been used in India since the time of Rig-Veda for augmentation of learning, memory, brain health etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The memory augmenting effect of BM is well documented. CDRI-08 is a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri, but its effect on the male reproductive health has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of CDRI-08 administration on the male reproductive organs with special emphasis on testis in adult mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CDRI-08, containing at least 55% bacosides (the major constituent of BM), was investigated for its effect on testicular functions in adult Parkes (P) mice. A suspension of CDRI-08 was orally administered in doses of 40 and 80mgkg-1 body weight day-1 for 28 days and various male reproductive end points were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared to control, CDRI-08 treatment caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in spermatogenic cell density (germinal epithelial height: control, 55.03±4.22 vs 40mg, 67.15±2.65 and 80mg, 69.93±3.76; and tubular diameter: control, 206.55±2.62 vs 80mg, 253.23±12.19), PCNA index (control, 59.85±2.09 vs 40mg, 82.17±1.56 and 80mg, 84.05±3.51) and in steroidogenic indices in the testis, and in sperm viability (control, 0.67±0.010 vs 80mg, 0.80±0.04) in cauda epididymidis of the treated mice. On the other hand, however, the same treatment caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in abnormal sperm morphology (control, 21.72±1.06 vs 40mg, 10.63±1.50 and 80mg, 15.86±0.87) in cauda epididymidis, and in lipid peroxidation level in testis of the treated mice compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that treatment with CDRI-08 extract improves sperm quality, and spermatogenic cell density and steroidogenic indices in the testis of P mice.

An Enhanced Memetic Algorithm for Single-Objective Bilevel Optimization Problems.

Bilevel optimization, as the name reflects, deals with optimization at two interconnected hierarchical levels. The aim is to identify the optimum of an upper-level  leader problem, subject to the optimality of a lower-level follower problem. Several problems from the domain of engineering, logistics, economics, and transportation have an inherent nested structure which requires them to be modeled as bilevel optimization problems. Increasing size and complexity of such problems has prompted active theoretical and practical interest in the design of efficient algorithms for bilevel optimization. Given the nested nature of bilevel problems, the computational effort (number of function evaluations) required to solve them is often quite high. In this article, we explore the use of a Memetic Algorithm (MA) to solve bilevel optimization problems. While MAs have been quite successful in solving single-level optimization problems, there have been relatively few studies exploring their potential for solving bilevel optimization problems. MAs essentially attempt to combine advantages of global and local search strategies to identify optimum solutions with low computational cost (function evaluations). The approach introduced in this article is a nested Bilevel Memetic Algorithm (BLMA). At both upper and lower levels, either a global or a local search method is used during different phases of the search. The performance of BLMA is presented on twenty-five standard test problems and two real-life applications. The results are compared with other established algorithms to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia causing acute pancreatitis.

Tamoxifen has both antagonistic and agonistic tissue-specific actions. It can have a paradoxical estrogenic effect on lipid metabolism resulting in elevated triglyceride and chylomicron levels. This can cause life-threatening complications like acute pancreatitis. To our knowledge, very few cases of tamoxifen-induced pancreatitis have been reported in the literature. We report a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis following tamoxifen use. A 50-year-old diabetic lady was on tamoxifen (20mg/day) hormonal therapy for breast cancer. Within 3 months of starting therapy, she developed hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis. Laboratory values include: Serum amylase 778 IU/L, total cholesterol 785 mg/dL, triglycerides 4568 mg/dL and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) 12 mg/dL. Tamoxifen was substituted with letrozole and atorvastatin started. There was a prompt reversal of the adverse effects. Effects on lipid profile must be considered while initiating tamoxifen in predisposed individuals as the consequences are life threatening.

Pattern, severity and circumtances of injuries sustained in road traffic accidents: a tertiary care hospital-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Expansion in road network, motorization, and urbanization in the country has been accompanied by a rise in road accidents leading to road traffic injuries (RTIs). Today RTIs are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities, and hospitalizations with severe socioeconomic costs across the world. OBJECTIVES: The following study analyses the: Age and sex distribution of injured in road traffic accidents (RTAs).Circumstances leading to RTA.Pattern and severity of injuries sustained in RTAs cases. DESIGN: Retrospective record-based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to audit retrospectively the circumstances, severity, and pattern of injury sustained by vehicle occupants presenting to the Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) hospital Hapur, for a period of one year. Data were collected using the case sheets of 347 patients from the medical records section of hospital and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 16.0. Results are interpreted in terms of percentage, mean, chi-square, and z-test. RESULTS: The pattern and severity of injuries sustained by 347 vehicle occupants admitted to the emergency department of SIMS, Hapur were retrospectively documented. Male victims 258 (74.35%) were more commonly involved than females 89 (25.65%) and majority of victims 141 (40.63%) were in age group of 20-30 years. Urban victims 222 (64.00%) outnumbered rural. The most frequently injured body regions were the extremities 499 (53.54%), followed by maxillofacial180(19.31%).. Out of total 802 external injuries, the most common type of injury was lacerations 307 (38.28%), abrasions 306 (38.15%)and followed by bruises 154 (19.20%). Multiple external injuries were more common on upper limb 216 (26.93%), lower limbs 210 (26.18%) and face 170 (21.20%), while crush injuries were more predominently seen in both the limbs. While laceration were common on face 120 (38.83%). Injuries to the chest 19 (2.36%), abdomen13 (1.61%), and spine 11 (1.36%) were seen in roughy equal proprotion of victims. The bones on right side 55 (55.55%) were more commonly fractured which is statistically significant. Skull injuries were mostly found on frontal 77 (47.53%), followed by parietal bone 33 (20.37%), mostly on right side. CONCLUSION: RTAs constitute a major public health problem in our setting. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of RTAs are necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries.

Mesomorphic, micro-Raman and DFT studies of new calamitic liquid crystals; methyl 4-[4-(4-alkoxy benzoyloxy)benzylideneamino]benzoates.

The mesomorphic properties of newly synthesized homologous series of calamitic liquid crystals; methyl 4-[4-(4-alkoxy benzoyloxy)benzylideneamino]benzoates, H(2n+1)C(n)OC6H4COOC6H4C(H)=N C6H4COOCH3; n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 (MABBAB-n) containing ester and Schiff base groups as linker have been studied by temperature dependent micro-Raman study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). All members of this series exhibit enantiotropic smectic A (SmA) mesophase with oily streak and focal conic textures. Analyses of Raman marker bands of phenyl rings, Schiff base and ester groups of MABBAB-10 confirm the phase transitions. The Raman study also gives an evidence of breaking of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds associated with ester groups and formation of new hydrogen bonds through CN bond at Cr→SmA phase transition. The monomer and dimer were optimized and vibrational assignment of MABBAB-10 was also done with density functional theoretical (DFT) technique to understand the experimental results.

Optimum oil production planning using infeasibility driven evolutionary algorithm.

In this paper, we discuss a practical oil production planning optimization problem. For oil wells with insufficient reservoir pressure, gas is usually injected to artificially lift oil, a practice commonly referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The total gas that can be used for oil extraction is constrained by daily availability limits. The oil extracted from each well is known to be a nonlinear function of the gas injected into the well and varies between wells. The problem is to identify the optimal amount of gas that needs to be injected into each well to maximize the amount of oil extracted subject to the constraint on the total daily gas availability. The problem has long been of practical interest to all major oil exploration companies as it has the potential to derive large financial benefit. In this paper, an infeasibility driven evolutionary algorithm is used to solve a 56 well reservoir problem which demonstrates its efficiency in solving constrained optimization problems. Furthermore, a multi-objective formulation of the problem is posed and solved using a number of algorithms, which eliminates the need for solving the (single objective) problem on a regular basis. Lastly, a modified single objective formulation of the problem is also proposed, which aims to maximize the profit instead of the quantity of oil. It is shown that even with a lesser amount of oil extracted, more economic benefits can be achieved through the modified formulation.

The loci recommended as universal barcodes for plants on the basis of floristic studies may not work with congeneric species as exemplified by DNA barcoding of Dendrobium species.

BACKGROUND: Based on the testing of several loci, predominantly against floristic backgrounds, individual or different combinations of loci have been suggested as possible universal DNA barcodes for plants. The present investigation was undertaken to check the applicability of the recommended locus/loci for congeneric species with Dendrobium species as an illustrative example. RESULTS: Six loci, matK, rbcL, rpoB, rpoC1, trnH-psbA spacer from the chloroplast genome and ITS, from the nuclear genome, were compared for their amplification, sequencing and species discrimination success rates among multiple accessions of 36 Dendrobium species. The trnH-psbA spacer could not be considered for analysis as good quality sequences were not obtained with its forward primer. Among the tested loci, ITS, recommended by some as a possible barcode for plants, provided 100% species identification. Another locus, matK, also recommended as a universal barcode for plants, resolved 80.56% species. ITS remained the best even when sequences of investigated loci of additional Dendrobium species available on the NCBI GenBank (93, 33, 20, 18 and 17 of ITS, matK, rbcL, rpoB and rpoC1, respectively) were also considered for calculating the percent species resolution capabilities. The species discrimination of various combinations of the loci was also compared based on the 36 investigated species and additional 16 for which sequences of all the five loci were available on GenBank. Two-locus combination of matK+rbcL recommended by the Plant Working Group of Consortium for Barcoding of Life (CBOL) could discriminate 86.11% of 36 species. The species discriminating ability of this barcode was reduced to 80.77% when additional sequences available on NCBI were included in the analysis. Among the recommended combinations, the barcode based on three loci - matK, rpoB and rpoC1- resolved maximum number of species. CONCLUSIONS: Any recommended barcode based on the loci tested so far, is not likely to provide 100% species identification across the plant kingdom and thus is not likely to act as a universal barcode. It appears that barcodes, if based on single or limited locus(i), would be taxa specific as is exemplified by the success of ITS among Dendrobium species, though it may not be suitable for other plants because of the problems that are discussed.

Effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid profile in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and lipid profile of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 subjects with 20 in each group were randomly allocated to two groups. Group 1 patients received atorvastatin and that of Group 2 rosuvastatin treatment for 6 months. The patients were administered atorvastatin (40-80 mg) and rosuvastatin(10-40 mg) in accordance to their LDL-C status as per NCEP-ATP III guidelines. The parameters studied were, hs-CRP and lipid profile comprising LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and TC. RESULTS: Results obtained from the study, clearly indicate that atorvastatin (A) as well as rosuvastatin(R) have significant effect on lowering of hs-CRP levels (for A P=0.001; for R P=0.002), reducing LDL-C levels (for A P=0.008; for R P=0.001), elevating HDL-C levels (for A P=0.02; for R P=0.001) along with reducing TC (for A P=0.003; for R P=0.002) and TG (for A P=0.000; for R P=0.000) levels in obese T2DM patients. It is also seen that there is no significant (P>0.05) difference in effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in lowering of hs-CRP levels, elevating HDL-C levels and reducing TG levels in obese T2DM patients. However, percentage lowering of LDL-C (P=0.000) and TC (P=0.001) by rosuvastatin is to a greater extent than that caused by atorvastatin in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Thus this study throws light on the fact that rosuvastatin should be preferred over atorvastatin in obese T2DM patients in whom LDL-C and TC levels are deviated from normal reference values. In rest of obese T2DM either of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin can be employed to lower hs-CRP levels, to elevate HDL-C levels or to reduce TG levels.